The kingdom of israel and the kingdom of judah were related kingdoms from the iron age period of the ancient levant. Understanding this critical part of biblical history will help us more fully comprehend a passage of scripture in the book of hosea, which is a prophecy about ephraim the. The northern kingdom of israel will be ruled by various kings and various dynasties all evil. The name jew is taken from yehudi meaning member of the tribe of judah. Why was the northern kingdom of israel destroyed by the. In the northern kingdom there were 9 dynasties family lines of kings and 19 kings in all.
In the south, the 55 evil years under wicked kings manessah and amon had a profound effect upon judah, from which it never fully recovered. Daniel 11 who were the kings of the north and south. Understanding that the apocrypha is inspired by the most high. There was none like him among all the kings of judah who were after him, nor were there before him. To the former group belong obadiah, joel, zephaniah, habakkuk, micah, isaiah and jeremiah. The southern kingdom of judah will have a somewhat checkered history. Second invasion of the northern kingdom by assyria under shalmaneser and sargon in 721 b. The history of israel a chronological presentation 1. The northernmost region of the two kingdoms, comprising the ten northern tribes which broke away from judah in 930 b. Kingdom of israel kingdom of israel refers both to the united kingdom under saul, david, and solomon and to the northern kingdom of israel, which separated from the united kingdom after the death of solomon. Moses predictions even though a life of blessing was truly what the lord desired for israel, he nevertheless judged them quickly if their actions lead them into evil. The northern faction, with its capital at samaria, lasted about 210 years. You mention that ephraim becomes a name for the entire northern kingdom, which is also true of the name israel though unlike ephraim, the latter is later used to refer to judah after the northern kingdom is destroyed. This is largely because it is nowhere near as unstable or corrupted by idolatry.
From this point on, there would be two kingdoms of hebrews. The fall of the southern kingdom and the first exile israel. According to the archaeological evidence, there never was a united monarchy of israel. In 724 bc, nearly ten years after the initial deportations, the capital city of the northern kingdom of israel, samaria, was finally taken by sargon ii.
And it came to pass, when all israel heard that jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all israel 1 kings 12. Although the northern kingdom had been destroyed 2 chronicles 30. Isaiah, in a scathing attack on israel s ephraims callous infidelity, makes a play on the concept of the wreath or garland of flowers. Indeed, during much of the nearly two centuries of its life the northern kingdom was a formidable empire in its own right. Divided kingdom and prophets history of israel bible. Rather 2 highland polities evolved separately in the hill country of canaan, and the larger and richer one was the northern kingdom of israel, which was eventually destroyed by the assyrians in the 8th century bce.
Finally, god allowed the northern kingdom to be destroyed by assyria. The tribes of judah, benjamin, and some of levi were serving a pagan king in a faraway country. Soon after the accession of solomons son rehoboam, the northern kingdom of israel seceded from the southern kingdom of judah. It is during hezekiahs reign that the northern kingdom is destroyed by the assyrians and the ten tribes exiled. The main thesis of the lost tribes myth is that ten of the tribesthe northern kingdomdisappeared when assyria invaded and deported the israelites from syria. The history of ancient israel is constructed through excavations as well as. Surrendered the kingdom of israel to the syrian conquerors and paid tribute to them. These tribes are reuben, simeon, levi, dan, naphtali, gad, asher, issachar, zebulun, and joseph whose tribe was divided into. One of the greatest mysteries of all history revolves around the northern ten tribed kingdom of the house of israel and exactly what ever happened to them.
Kingdom of israel returned to their homes, but not before destroying baal and. Jehu is enthroned in israel and destroys the house of ahab. After the northern kingdom fell to assyria, eventually the southern kingdom also fell to babylon. The hebrew bible relates that the population of the kingdom of israel was exiled, becoming known as the ten lost tribes. In their place came other settlers from assyria, especially the kutheans, who became known as the samaritans. These two kingdoms coexist, often in competition, for about 200 years, until 721 bce, at which time the northern kingdom was destroyed by the assyrians.
The archaeology and history of northern israel, society of biblical literature ancient near east monographs 5 atlanta. The scattering of israel, the northern kingdom, occurred hundreds of years after moses predicted it. Using the most updated field research and biblical studies, this first comprehensive history of the northern kingdom deals with the archaeology and history of northern israel from the late bronze age until the northern kingdom s fall in 720 bce and beyond. The kingdom of israel emerged as an important local power by the 10th century bce before falling to the neoassyrian empire in 722 bce. What happened to the northern ten tribed kingdom of israel. The myth requires that all the ten tribes were abducted in the fall of the northern kingdom. According to the book of exodus, in time, the israelites became too.
So israel has been in rebellion against the house of david to this day 1 kings 12. The archaeology and history of northern israel ancient near east monographs israel finkelstein on. They were part of the southern kingdom when the northern kingdom was being carried away captive. Deportation of the northern kingdom of israel by the assyrian empire. Israel plundered and destroyed tens of thousands of palestinian books in the years after the states establishment, according to a doctoral thesis to be submitted next month by a bengurion. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In 722 bce the northern kingdom was destroyed by the assyrians and the. Research information from daniel eleven, verse by verse written by ulrike unruh many bible scholars claim that the books of the prophets have already been fulfilled and have little importance for christians today. The fate of the kingdom of judah is a central topic of the hebrew bible. When solomon died, between 926 and 922 bce, the ten northern tribes refused to submit to his son, rehoboam, and revolted. Prophecies fulfilled by the ancient destruction of israel. The capital of the northern kingdom fell in the year 3205, and the kingdom of israel or ephraim came to an end. Home bible history northern kingdom entire sitemap bible history the divided kingdom the kingdom of israel i.
Judah, in the end, would become as wicked as israel, and they would be ruined as well as the northern kingdom, although two centuries later only, in exile, with the temple of yahweh destroyed. It would never appear again, except for a brief time in the second century bc, and to the jews forced to relocate and the jews left to scratch out a living in their once proud kingdom, it seemed as if no jewish nation would ever exist again. Before its destruction, israel also fought against a nonjewish kingdom called moab. The hebrew kingdom, started with such promise and glory by david, was now at an end. Assyrias conquest of the northern kingdom of israel began approximately 740 bc under king pul. The destruction of samaria, the capital of the northern kingdom, was foretold by hosea. The old testament a brief overview the southern kingdom judah the southern kingdom consisted of 2 tribes judah and benjamin. Throughout their history in the promised land, the children of israel struggled with conflict among the tribes. Thekings led their people to build altars and worship. The northern kingdom of israel will be defeated and scattered abroad by the assyrians.
The city was destroyed, the northern kingdom transformed into a province of the assyrian empire, a number of the people taken as prisoners or exiles to assyria, and other people resettled in the captured territory 2 kings 17. In defiance of judah and its religious beliefs, jeroboam, who led the revolt to divide the israelite monarchy into two, had two golden calves formed as idols to worship. Combined they owned 75% of what was once a single kingdom. Quiz 2 bible 104 with washington at liberty university. End of the kingdom of israel jewish history chabad. When israel is destroyed and many of its people exiled, judah and jerusalem. The assyrian captivity or the assyrian exile is the period in the history of ancient israel and judah during which several thousand israelites of ancient samaria were resettled as captives by assyria. Who was king of the southern kingdom when the northern. Galilee and north and east israel by tiglathpileser. In 5 ad, the romans again attacked and destroyed jerusalem. It was a union of all the twelve israelite tribes living in the area that presently approximates modern israel and the other levantine territories including much of western jordan, and western syria. The united states and great britain will fall with the state of israel.
The northern kingdom israel the northern kingdom consisted of 10 of the tribes excluding judah and benjamin. From the division of the kingdom till the downfall of that of the ten tribes, called the kingdom of israel, or the northern kingdom, while the other was the kingdom of judah, or the southern kingdom, the author of the book of kings treats their history alternately, while the chronicler confines himself to the latter, except when. Assyria, named for the god ashur highest in the pantheon of assyrian gods, was located in the mesopotamian plain. The assyrians conquered and destroyed the northern kingdom of israel in about 722 bc about 2700 years ago. May 30, 2016 using the apocrypha to show people where the northern kingdom of israel is today. Judah lasted a little more than a century longer than israel, but it. They occupied the cities of the land of israel and.
The davidic dynasty will produce some good kings and more wicked kings. The withholding of blessings failed to check israel in their mad rush to destruction. The books of kings were probably written during the time of judahs captivity in babylon which begins at the end of second kings. The final fall of the northern kingdom by stan goodenough mindful of the dire curses moses said would come upon the israelites if they forsook the god of their fathers, a prophet by the name of hosea arose among the ten northern tribes, who had completely turned their backs on the lord. According to the biblical stories, judean kings ruled from the time of david, about b. The forgotten kingdom society of biblical literature. According to our textbook, one reason for the northern kingdoms downfall is that they rejected the covenant itself. The northern kingdom consisted of the remaining tribes and was called israel. The people are exiled and deported, many fleeing south to judah. Thus, the people of the northern tribes would have no contact with the tribes of judah and benjamin. In the north there was a king every dozen years on the average, but in the south the. The united kingdom of israel shortly after the death of king solomon split into two separate kingdoms.
Apr 25, 2017 the biblical northern kingdom of israel samaria after breaking away from judah to the south, samaria was taken over by the neoassyrian empire in 720 bc. In 721 bc, the northern kingdom of israel was destroyed by the pointing the marks added to the hebrew text by the masoretes to serve as vowel signs are known as. Despite the powerful works of such prophets as elijah and elisha both of whom even resurrected the dead israel kept reverting to a wicked course. Why was israel divided into the southern kingdom and northern kingdom.
I s r a e l northern kingdom all the kings that ruled in israel, the northernkingdom,didevilthings. The northern kingdom of israel fell to the neoassyrian empire in 722 b. When, where, and why of every book in the old testament old testament resource books mike smith. The book of tobit additionally records that sargon had taken other captives from the northern kingdom to the assyrian capital of nineveh, in particular tobit from the town of thisbe in naphtali. Assyria swept out of the north, captured the northern kingdom of israel, and took the ten tribes into captivity.
In reality, from the 10th to the late eighth century b. Some scholars believe joels ministry was also about this time. This record is not what is now called the books of chronicles in the present old testament. The fall of the southern kingdom and the first exile by stan goodenough in 701 bc, 19 years after vanquishing and forever wiping out the northern kingdom of israel, assyria, under sennacherib, moved against the southern kingdom of judah and laid siege to jerusalem. Jerusalem and the temple were later rebuilt but were destroyed again, this time by the romans 70 ad. Why was israel divided into the southern kingdom and.
Later, when the kingdom was divided, the southern kingdom became known as judah and the north as israel. The rise and fall of israel the northern kingdom 931722 bc date events slides 931722 bc the kings who ruled in the northern kingdom go to slides 24 845. The northern kingdom 254 years dates in green are from mauro, dates in blue are from ussher and dates in red are from other sources. The assyrian captivity or the assyrian exile is the period in the history of ancient israel and. The book of tobit additionally records that sargon had taken other captives from the northern kingdom to. The book of kings states several times that the entire people of the kingdom of. The babylonians destroyed jerusalem in 586 bc about 2600 years ago. The history of israel a chronological presentation. Syria and the kingdom of israel were destroyed in 722 b. Dever in a recent post, i mentioned that the society of biblical literature was offering a free book written by israel finkelstein. The united kingdom of israel and judah is said to have existed from about 1030 to about 930 bce. The northern section, under the rebellious jeroboam, retained the name israel, while the southern kingdom became known as judah. The northern kingdom is called israel or sometimes ephraim in scripture, and the southern kingdom.
Scores of thousands of the conquered people were led into captivity. Were the israelites in the kingdom of israel northern one. When and how was israel conquered by the assyrians. Later some escaped and went into the north countries. The story of the southern kingdom of judah the old. The phrase kingdom of israel in the bible may refer either to the united kingdom under saul, david, and solomon, which incorporated some or all of the later kingdoms of israel and judah, or the breakaway northern kingdom of israel that jeroboam established after solomons death. He destroyed entire cities when there was only a rumor of revolt. The final destruction occurred in 722 bce, after which it became the assyrian province of samaria. True nehemiahs covenant enforcement took the form of excluding foreigners from the assembly, removing tobiah from the temple, restoring the levitical tithes, stopping sabbath breaking, and disciplining those who had intermarried with pagans. Assyrian dominance 745 bc 640 bc old testament history. The first jewish temple in jerusalem was destroyed. Israel dividedgood kings and bad kings bible message. Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which i commanded your fathers, and which i sent to you by my servants the prophets.
Sometimes israel is referred to as the northern kingdom and judah as the southern kingdom. When people refer to the lost tribes of israel, they usually have in mind the ten tribes of the northern kingdom that fell to assyria about 722 bc. Oppression, pekahiah and pekah, hoshealast king of israel, end of northern kingdom. By then, assyria had also fallen to babylonia and it is likely that among the captives in babylon were to be found the offspring of some who had originally been taken in the fall of the northern kingdom to assyria. The disunity went back all the way to the patriarch jacob, who presided over a house divided. The final fall of the northern kingdom israel my beloved. The last two of these kings coincided with the rise of the assyrian empire, which destroyed forever the northern kingdom of israel in 722 b. Aug 16, 2016 the last war they engaged in destroyed israel but left judah intact. Judah southern kingdom with the fall of israel, there was only the southern.
Partygoing revelers often wore such wreaths but, in their enthusiastic intoxication, failed to see that with the passing of time their flowers had faded and died. The story of the northern kingdom of israel the old. The rise and fall of israel the northern kingdom 931722 bc. The northern kingdom becomes more and more idolatrous, suffers at the hands of the syrians and is finally carried captive by the assyrians in 722 b. This is one of the many instances of forcible relocations implemented by the neoassyrian empire.
The united states and great britain will fall with the. The ten northern tribes followed him in a bloodless rebellion. Kings of the northern kingdom israel barnes bible charts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 jeroboam nadab baasha elah zimri omri ahab ahaziah. So the god of israel stirred up the spirit of pul, king of assyria, even the spirit of tilgathpilneser king of assyria, and he carried them away into exile, namely the reubenites, the gadites and the halftribe of manasseh, and brought them to halah, habor, hara and to the river of gozan, to this day. Why was israel divided into the southern kingdom and northern. It lasted for about 210 years until it was destroyed by assyria in 722 bc. The later assyrian kings sargon ii and his son and successor, sennacherib, finished the demise of israels northern tentribe kingdom. God protected and cared for the people in judah when they served him. The prophets of the southern kingdom, judah the prophets of judah can be divided into those who were active before the deportation and those whose ministry was carried out actually during the time of the captivity itself. Thus, the concept of the lost ten tribes of israel is an ideal that promotes the theological view of the united people of god. The kingdom of judah, according to the hebrew bible ruled by a king in the line of david from the 10th century b. Book of chronicles and the opening of the book of ezra, a new period.